Ubuntu list users9/21/2023 In the etc/password file here, which is readable by everyone in the system but only writeable by root, there are seven fields for each user and they're separated by colons. But let's take a look at the format of these files so we know what they represent and then we'll take a look at making changes to users and groups. We don't edit these directly, but instead we have a selection of tools that let us create, modify and delete users and groups and find out information about them. The list of users is maintained in the etc/password file and the groups are maintained in the etc/group file. When we create a user it becomes the only member of a group with the same name and we can add the user to other groups as well depending on what we want that user to have access to. While our users and groups have human, readable names, the system keeps track of them as numbers with UID's, or User IDs, and GIDs, or Group IDs. These are created by the system or by installed software in order to scope access to particular things rather than having everything running as the root user which would be insecure and messy. Even on a cleanly installed system, you'll notice when you start looking around that there are a handful of users and groups that already exist on your system. Users and groups are at the heart of security in a multi user system. We can set where their data is stored, what shell they use when they login and whether they need to change their password. We can specify whether these users and groups can login to the system or how much storage they can consume or whether they are able to use the super user privileges to make changes to the system. A group is a collection of users defined for a specific purpose. A user corresponds to a human that will use the system or a servicer application that needs its own entity to run as. On a Linux system we can create users and groups in order to more precisely control access to files and resources.
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